A federal judge in Washington on Friday tossed a lawsuit filed by the John F. Kennedy Center for Performing Arts against a jazz musician who canceled a performance at the venue’s annual Christmas Eve concert last year after the center’s board added President Trump’s name to the building.

In an order throwing out the breach-of-contract case, the judge, Tanya M. Jones Bosier, wrote that the Kennedy Center failed to prove that Chuck Redd, a jazz musician and a host of the institution’s holiday program, had signed a contract to perform as he had in years past.

The dispute arose after the Kennedy Center’s board voted to rename the institution The Donald J. Trump and John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, according to court papers.

Following the decision, Mr. Redd said that he would not participate.

The Kennedy Center sued, accusing Mr. Redd of breaking an agreement to appear at the concert. He argued that no enforceable contract existed.

“It is undisputed that Redd did not sign the 2025 Agreement that the Center provided,” the judge wrote.

According to court papers, the center said it sustained damages “from lost good will with the public, wasted marketing expenses, and sunk costs preparing for a concert that did not occur.”

However, the judge noted the center did not lose any ticket sales because the concert was free, “and the entire performance was canceled as a result of multiple artists canceling, so the center did not incur costs for staff or other performers.”

The Kennedy Center did not immediately respond to a request for comment on Saturday.

The ruling was another setback for the institution stemming from the same renaming dispute that prompted Mr. Redd’s withdrawal.

On Thursday, the center’s general counsel in a memo directed staff to “immediately” remove President Trump’s name from official material after a federal judge ruled on May 29 that the board of trustees lacked the authority to rename the institution.

The memo also instructed employees to replace indoor and outdoor signage bearing the disputed name by June 12.

In a 94-page opinion, Judge Christopher R. Cooper, of the Federal District Court in Washington, determined that “Congress gave the Kennedy Center its name, and only Congress can change it.”

Kennedy Center officials have indicated that they are planning to appeal Judge Cooper’s ruling.

Susan C. Beachy contributed research.