Two of Benjamin Netanyahu’s most formidable political rivals say they are joining forces in an attempt to oust the Israeli prime minister’s coalition government in the election expected later this year.

The former prime ministers – rightwing Naftali Bennett and centrist Yair Lapid – issued statements announcing the merger of their parties, Bennett 2026 and Yesh Atid (There is a Future).

“We are standing here together for the sake of our children. The state of Israel must change direction,” Lapid said standing alongside Bennett at a joint news conference on Sunday.

Bennett said the new party will be called Together and that he will be its leader. “After 30 years, it is time to part with Netanyahu and open a new chapter for Israel,” he said.

Since his first term in the 1990s, Netanyahu has become a polarising figure at home and abroad. Bennett and Lapid have joined forces before, putting an end to Netanyahu’s successive 12-year tenure in a 2021 election, only to form a coalition government that, with a thin majority and deeply divided over issues such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, survived barely 18 months.

Their coalition included for the first time in Israel’s history a party drawn from the country’s Arab minority – Palestinian by heritage, Israeli by citizenship – the United Arab List (UAL). Prior to that the duo muscled their way into his 2013 coalition government in a move that left out Netanyahu’s traditional ultra-Orthodox Jewish allies.

Netanyahu, Israel’s longest-serving prime minister, made a comeback when he won the November 2022 election and formed the most rightwing government in Israel’s history.

But Hamas’s 2023 attack on southern Israel, which plunged the Middle East into turmoil and saw Israel fighting on multiple fronts, left Netanyahu’s security credentials in tatters and polls since then have predicted that he will lose the next election, due by the end of October.

Netanyahu, the most dominant Israeli politician of his generation, has shown remarkable political survival skills in the past, however. On Sunday, he posted a 2021 photo of Bennett and Lapid with the UAL leader, Mansour Abbas. “They did it once, they’ll do it again,” Netanyahu’s Telegram post said, an apparent swipe at their short-lived 2021 coalition that included UAL.

Bennett said that he will not seek a coalition with Arab parties again and ruled out ceding any land to enemies, an apparent reference to the Palestinians’ goal of establishing an independent state in territories occupied by Israel.

Bennett, 54, a pugnacious former army commando turned tech millionaire, has been trailing Netanyahu in election polls. A 23 April survey by Israel’s N12 News found Bennett securing 21 of the Knesset’s 120 seats, against 25 seats for Netanyahu’s Likud.

It found Lapid’s party securing only seven seats, down from the 24 it currently holds, but with Netanyahu’s coalition of rightwing and religious parties commanding only 50 seats, against at least 60 seats for Bennett and Lapid’s probable coalition that would include several smaller factions.

The survey matched previous polls by academic institutions and Israeli media, which have put Bennett as the top contender against Netanyahu, though the political map could still shift and change.

Lapid, 62, a telegenic former TV news anchor who writes pop songs and thrillers, speaks as the voice of Israel’s secular middle class, which has become increasingly incensed by what it sees as an unfair tax and military service burden.

Netanyahu’s ultra-religious political allies have been seeking an exemption for their communities – who have low employment and many state benefits – from the conscript military.

It is a hot-button issue in Israel that has become all the more pressing since the military has warned of being over stretched and with the last two years exacting the highest military death toll in decades.

Both Lapid and Bennett have made it a central issue for their campaign. They have also criticised Netanyahu for failing to leverage military gains into strategic wins over Iran and the groups it supports in Lebanon and Gaza – Hezbollah and Hamas.