Federal immigration raids in Los Angeles last year caused an “immediate economic shock” to businesses nearby, according to a new study released Wednesday.

The report, from UCLA’s Latino Policy and Politics Institute and the nonprofit Inclusive Action for the City, offers a local look at the ripple effects of President Donald Trump’s deportation push. It comes a little more than a year after Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) raids in Los Angeles became a political flash point, with Trump deploying the National Guard in response to protests.