Captain Ben Stokes has warned that players could abandon international cricket if England take a hardline stance on the Indian Premier League.

Fast bowler Jofra Archer is missing the first Test against New Zealand at Lord’s following his IPL stint and may not be ready to play in the second.

“In an ideal situation it would be unbelievably great to have everyone who you want available at every single opportunity. That is not the way of cricket at the moment,” said Stokes.

“There is a situation where it could get messy and players like Jofra might not play for England again if you handle it in a different way, and that is not good for anyone.

“Jofra has shown that he’s committed and loves playing for England. Just because he’s not available for this first Test match does not change that.”

Archer was part of the Rajasthan Royals team beaten in the IPL qualifier by Gujarat Titans on Friday.

The 31-year-old is now in Barbados, the country of his birth, and will not return to England until after the first Test. The second Test at The Oval begins on 17 June.

Archer’s absence from the first Test at Lord’s means England are without their premier fast bowler as they look to rebuild following the 4-1 Ashes defeat in Australia.

Former England captains Michael Atherton and Michael Vaughan are among those to question Archer’s unavailability.

“I know that whole situation has been spoken about a lot over the last couple of weeks. I totally understand people’s frustrations around it, but there is another side to it,” said Stokes.

“A lot of points people are making around Jof and that situation are to do with the landscape when they were playing. It’s completely different now. There are opportunities for cricketers now that there were not 10, 15, 20 years ago.

“There is so much more out there for players. I get both sides of the story. The ‘why is Jof not here?’ But I also understand that there are other opportunities and you want players to be able to do them.”