Soybeans Fall as China Summit Leaves US Farmers Seeking Details


(Bloomberg) — President Donald Trump’s trip to China offered little assurance to US farmers looking for concrete signs of a pickup in trade between the two countries.

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Officials promised billions in exports of American goods but gave few specifics, sending soybean futures to a three-week low while cotton fell by its daily trading limit.

US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer in a Bloomberg Television interview said China will make “double-digit billion” purchases of American farm goods annually over the next three years. The new pact would encompass not just soybeans, but “everything else.”

Trump, meanwhile, told reporters on Air Force One that the Asian nation would buy billions of dollars in US soybeans, without any additional details. So far, no new deals have been announced.

Soybean and corn, which initially rose on Greer’s comments, flipped to losses. Cotton fell by as much 4.8% as traders “buy the rumor, sell the fact,” said Louis Barbera, a managing partner at VLM Commodities Ltd., adding that he doesn’t think the “bones of the markets changed” following the meeting.

Farmers and traders have been searching for more concrete details from the talks, including on volumes and timing of crop purchase, in hopes of a deal that would be large enough to transform tough economic conditions.

Growers have been struggling for years with relatively low crop prices and high costs for seeds, fertilizer and machines. Pressures have been compounded by geopolitical tensions including Trump’s tariffs, and most recently by a surge in fertilizer costs linked to the conflict in Iran.

Pam Johnson, a soy grower in northern Iowa, said she “would love to believe” the figures from the summit but is still waiting for more details. “Hyperbole doesn’t pay the bills here on the farm,” Johnson said.

Trump has been striving to court farmers, a key voting bloc for him and the Republican Party, heading into midterm elections. At the same time, growers have become more resigned to US crops becoming a chip in trade negotiations rather than part of an open market. Many still oppose tariffs, which they say are impeding trade and helping rivals such as Brazil to expand market share in China.

“Unfortunately it looks to me like we have negotiated our way into a supplier-of-last-resort position when it comes to soybeans to China,” said Ryan Wagner, who grows soybeans, corn and wheat in South Dakota.

China had previously met an initial pledge to buy 12 million metric tons of soy after Trump’s meeting with Xi late last year, ending a months-long lull. But fresh sales have since gone quiet.

While Beijing has never confirmed a 25-million ton pledge for soybean purchases that the US outlined after Trump and Xi met in late 2025, Greer said most of the sales are expected to come later this year. China usually books US supplies in the months immediately after the harvest — which starts around September — when the country’s supplies are most competitive globally.

If the volumes are realized, it would mark a return to roughly average levels of soybean trade, rather than expanded access. The pace of buying underscores the extent to which trade has yet to return to pre-dispute levels, with China continuing to rely heavily on Brazil, its top supplier, after shifting away from US cargoes during the earlier trade war.

The Asian country typically brings in billions of farm goods. US agricultural exports to China in 2024 were valued at $24 billion, including $12 billion in soybeans, $1.4 billion in cotton and $1.2 billion in sorghum, according to US Department of Agriculture data. Overall shipments to China fell to $8.3 billion in 2025 after the trade dispute ratcheted up.

China’s readout from the latest meetings between the leaders of the world’s two biggest economies called for cooperation to be expanded in agriculture and other sectors. Both nations will work to establish councils to address mutual concerns over market access and agricultural products, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi said in a briefing, according to the foreign affairs ministry.

Trump said on Fox News that the country will be buying a lot of American farm products.

“They have an unlimited appetite, as the expression goes,” Trump said in the interview. “When you have that many people, they need it, and we have the best product with the best, certainly the best of everything.”

Greer said China has already started to fulfill some of its promises. He also mentioned that China re-upped US beef plant export registrations, as part of that progress. Bloomberg reported on Thursday that Beijing has renewed import permits for hundreds of US beef plants.

–With assistance from Skylar Woodhouse, Mumbi Gitau and Erin Ailworth.

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