The House voted Wednesday to slap back Donald Trump’s tariffs on Canada, a rare if largely symbolic rebuke of the White House agenda as Republicans joined Democrats over the objections of GOP leadership.

The tally, 219-211, was among the first times the House, controlled by Republicans, has confronted the president over a signature policy.

The resolution seeks to end the national emergency Trump declared to impose the tariffs, though actually undoing the policy would require support from Trump himself, which is highly unlikely. The resolution next goes to the Senate.

Trump believes in the power of tariffs to force trading partners to the negotiating table. But US lawmakers are facing unrest from businesses caught in the trade wars and constituents navigating pocketbook issues and high prices.

“Today’s vote is simple, very simple: will you vote to lower the cost of living for the American family or will you keep prices high out of loyalty to one person – Donald J Trump?” said Gregory Meeks, the top Democrat on the House foreign affairs committee, who authored the resolution.

The high-stakes moment provides a snapshot of the House’s unease with the president’s direction, especially ahead of the midterm elections as economic issues resonate among voters. The Senate has already voted to reject Trump’s tariffs on Canada and other countries in a show of displeasure. But both chambers would have to approve the tariff rollbacks, and send the resolution to Trump for the president’s signature – or veto.

Trump recently threatened to impose a 100% tariff on goods imported from Canada over that country’s proposed China trade deal, intensifying a feud with the longtime US ally and PM Mark Carney.

House speaker Mike Johnson tried to prevent the showdown.

Johnson insisted lawmakers wait for a pending supreme court ruling in a lawsuit about the tariffs. He engineered a complicated rules change to prevent floor action. But Johnson’s strategy collapsed late on Tuesday, as Republicans peeled off during a procedural vote to ensure the Democratic measure was able to advance.

“The president’s trade policies have been of great benefit,” Johnson had said. “And I think the sentiment is that we allow a little more runway for this to be worked out between the executive branch and the judicial branch.”

Late Tuesday evening, Johnson could be seen speaking to holdout Republican lawmakers as the GOP leadership team struggled to shore up support during a lengthy procedural vote, but the numbers lined up against him.

“We’re disappointed in what the people have done,” Kevin Hassett, the director of the White House’s national economic council, told reporters at the White House on Wednesday morning. “The president will make sure they don’t repeal his tariffs.”

The resolution put forward by Meeks would terminate the national emergency that Trump declared a year ago as one of his executive orders.

The administration claimed illicit drug flow from Canada constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat that allows the president to slap on tariffs on imported goods outside the terms of the US-Mexico-Canada trade agreement.

The Republican chair of the House foreign affairs committee, Brian Mast of Florida, said the drug flow of fentanyl into the US is a dire national emergency and the policy must be left in place.

“Let’s be clear again about what this resolution is and what it’s not. It’s not a debate about tariffs. You can talk about those, but that’s not really what it is,” Mast said. “This is Democrats trying to ignore that there is a fentanyl crisis.”

Experts say fentanyl produced by cartels in Mexico is largely smuggled into the US from land crossings in California and Arizona. Fentanyl is also made in Canada and smuggled into the US, but to a much lesser extent.

Ahead of voting, some rank-and-file Republican lawmakers expressed unease over the choices ahead as Democrats – and a few renegade Republicans – impressed on their colleagues the need to flex their power as the legislative branch rather than ceding so much power to the president to take authority over trade and tariff policy.

Don Bacon of Nebraska said he was unpersuaded by Johnson’s call to wait until the supreme court makes its decision about the legality of Trump’s tariffs.

“Why doesn’t the Congress stand on its own two feet and say that we’re an independent branch?” Bacon said. “We should defend our authorities. I hope the supreme court does, but if we don’t do it, shame on us.”

Bacon, who is retiring rather than facing re-election, also argued that tariffs are bad economic policy.

Other Republicans said they were still making up their minds after Johnson’s gambit – which would have paused the calendar days to prevent the measure from coming forward – was turned back.

“At the end of the day, we’re going to have to support our president,” said Keith Self of Texas.

Darrell Issa, a Califronia Republican, said he did not want to tie the president’s hands on trade and is ready to support the tariffs on Canada “at this time”.