Nevertheless, democratic governments can improve their responses. At the top of the list must be greater engagement to build trust with affected communities — of Iranian, but also Chinese, Indian, Eritrean, Rwandan, Turkish, and other origins. In the absence of this trust, intelligence and law enforcement services struggle to build the necessary two-way channels of communication with diaspora communities: for governments to share advice and threat assessments, and for communities to share information on what they see. Frontline law enforcement and intelligence personnel also often lack an understanding of the threat and the ability to identify and prosecute what are often sub-criminal threshold offences. In addition, Ottawa should tackle much more seriously the presence of Islamic Republic officials in Canada, a longstanding concern of the Iranian Canadian community.