In the beginning (yesterday) the Internet was an academic network and
then the Free-nets
(including the National
Capital FreeNet of which I was an early member and information
provider) were created providing a place for community organizations
and bringing the Internet to the people.

In these early days,
before the World Wide Web, the Internet was primarily text based and
used search tools known as Archie,
Gopher, Veronica and Jughead to search for documents stored
online. People also used services such as Usenet
to access the equivalent of today’s web forums and IRC
(Internet Relay Chat) as a group and private real time messaging
service. Most importantly we all had Email,
which IMHO is still the most important thing the Internet gives us as
individuals.

Then came World
Wide Web and HTML
and everything changed. The Internet was still non-corporate being
primarily educational institutions, non-profit organizations and
individuals but that soon changed, many say for the worst, when
corporations were allowed onto the network. I would certainly miss
online banking and shopping and streaming services have given us
access to non-North American “television” we would not have had
otherwise.

The WWW gave
individuals an opportunity to have their own place on the Internet
through personal websites (also called Home Pages back then).
Internet Service Providers would provide customers with web storage
they could use to create their own web pages using HTML and sites
like GeoCities
made it even easier. Then came Myspace,
a sort of Facebook lite. There were other sites serving the same user
base that wanted their own place on the Internet and they all
co-existed peacefully. And then came Facebook
and everything changed for the worst. Most people criticize Facebook
for it’s tracking of users and monetization of their and their
“friends” personal information, but to me the most evil thing
about it is it’s business model of trying to keep users away from
the open Internet and dependent on their proprietary site.

At one time, long
before Facebook, there was even a print Internet
Yellow Pages that listed all the significant websites on the
World Wide Web but it quickly became necessary to have some online
tool for people to find what they were interested in without
depending on prior knowledge, friends or just luck.

When we started
using the Internet for research or to find information were not
looking for specific answers to specific questions but for resources
where we could find those answers.

And perhaps the best
tool for that was the original Yahoo
Directory which was a hierarchical listing by subject of web
resources curated by librarians to ensure the legitimacy of the
sources. Other directories also existed, particularly subject
specific ones. As the Internet grew exponentially keeping up a
complete directory became an impossible task, or at least
economically impossible to compete with search engines that also
existed at that time,

In the beginning we
used search engines the same as way the Yahoo Directory, to find
resources where we could find the information we were seeking.
Perhaps the best of the early search engines and my personal
preference was Digital Equipment Corporation’s AltaVista
search engine which allowed users to do a Boolean
Search using AND, OR & NOT operators. Soon people started
using search engines to find specific answers to specif questions.

Alta Vista and
almost all other search engines were surpassed by the original Google
search engine whose algorithm impressed everyone so much that it
became the dominant search engine. It’s advanced search mode also
allowed Boolean searches. It became my (and most peoples) search
engine of choice for a long time.

Then came the
enshittification
of both search and the Internet as a whole.

The enshitification
of search happened as Google gained an effective monopoly on Internet
search, so much that to search the Internet became “to google” as
nearly all searchers were done using Google. And then we saw the
gradual degrading of Google as it monetized it’s search engine. We
would see promoted links at the top of search results that were paid
for. Searches for, as an example, Ford F-150 would have Chevy
Silverado as the first listed result because General Motors paid for
that. And then we started getting results in the form of answers to
questions rather than as links and people referring to “Google
said/told me” rather than referring to the sources Google found.

Somewhere along the
line the advanced Boolean search capability disappeared from Google
and then it became contaminated by LLM chatbots spouting spurious
answers and information. It may be possible with enough effort to
turn off the AI slop in Google but personally I would not trust that
that is so. Google’s once famed reliability is now in the dumpster.
And of course Google has become infamous for tracking it’s users.

People have started
to slowly move away form Google to privacy supporting search engines
like DuckDuckGo,
although it has been criticized for it’s optional AI features
although it is a lot easier to disable them in settings than with
Google. I personally use the non-AI version of Duck Duck Go
(https://noai.duckduckgo.com/)
which has the AI features disabled. I only wish it had obvious
Boolean search capabilities, although there are apparently ways
to do Boolean searches and other advanced search techniques for DDG
(that I did not know about until I researched this post).

But the
enshitification goes beyond Google search and has infected the whole
of the Internet/World Wide Web. Over the last 20 years or so we have
seen a proliferation of fake news and disinformation sites and social
media has increased the amount of misinformation and misinformation
online by orders of magnitude.

But the user is also
to blame. The reason for Facebook’s success is the fact that
consumers today put convenience above all else and when you add the
super convenient magic answer machine LLM based AI chatbots that base
their answers on whatever is repeated most (the GIGO
principle) the result is inevitably garbage.

Tomorrow’s search
function requires a better way for those of us more interested in
accuracy than convenience. Let us suggest a new model that puts a
boolean search engine on top of a directory of trusted sites and
builds from there.

We start with an
original Yahoo type directory curated by librarians and subject
specialists. The directory is hierarchical starting with broader
subjects going to lower ones. One can browse or search directory to
find the field of knowledge you are interested in and select relevant
websites from there.

The curators will
not attempt the impossible task of vetting all contents on the
websites/resources but they will be selected according to the
trustworthiness of those responsible. Different categories of
resource will be vetted differential according to their nature.

Information
resources on science, the humanities and the social sciences will be
judged according to the reliability of the content as ascertained by
the trustworthiness of those responsible for them.

There will be a
general information category for encyclopedias and similar broad
works.

Journalistic sources
will be judged again according to the journalistic principles of the
organizations, ethical, fact checking, distinguishing opinion from
news content, etc.. Sites that are solely expressing opinions will be
identified as such and where possible identified according to bias,
right leaning, left leaning, etc. Satire sites will be identified as
such for those that cannot figure that out.

Political sites will
not be vetted according to accuracy but according to whether they are
actually who they say they are and not attempts to spoof or
misrepresent the opinions of politicians or political organizations.
Similarly for corporate and banking sites as a protection against
fraud.

Social media sites
will be included in the listings for those that seek them out but
will not be included automatically in searches.

The next level of
search will be the ability to search not just for information
resources/websites but also within them like a normal web search but
restricted to sites within the directory, as a whole or by specific
subject matter, or specific website.

And finally a full
internet search will be available where that is desired. The ability
to exclude social media sites (and perhaps certain other categories)
will be included. All searches will have full Boolean search
capability and resources on how to understand and use the Boolean
search capability will be provided.

A final capability,
which i am on the fence about whether it should be included, is a
natural language question search capability with an algorithm to
translate that into boolean search terms.

The big question
here becomes how can this be funded. Ideally enough users would be
willing to pay for accurate search to make it work, but let’s not
delude ourselves about the majority of Internet users. So it would
probably require some major donors willing to fund it because it is
good for society, and hopeful broadly distributed, with small
individual donations being at least a significant portion of the
funding.