Vladimir Putin’s “hidden hand” lies behind Iran’s military methods, the UK defence secretary, John Healey, has said, after a night in which drones struck a base used by western forces in Erbil, northern Iraq.

Healey was speaking after British officers at the UK’s military headquarters in north-west London had told him that drone pilots from Iran and Iranian proxies were increasingly adopting tactics “from the Russians”.

Iran has already fired more than 2,000 Shahed drones – long-range weapons heavily used by Russia against Ukraine – across the Middle East in response to the US-Israeli attack launched on 28 February.

Lt Gen Nick Perry, the chief of joint operations, told Healey it appeared that Russia had since passed back tactical advice to Iran and its proxies on how to fly them.

Iranian drone pilots were “flying them much lower, and therefore they were more effective” in hitting targets, Perry said. That had “proven problematic”, he said, because Shahed drones were becoming one of Tehran’s more effective weapons as the conflict heads towards a third week.

Overnight, a number of drones struck a western military base in Erbil, where British military personnel were based. A UK counter drone-team there shot down two others. There were no British casualties.

Talking to journalists after his briefing, Healey said: “I think no one will be surprised to believe that Putin’s hidden hand is behind some of the Iranian tactics and potentially, potentially some of their capabilities as well.”

He argued that was partly “because the one world leader that is benefiting from sky-high oil prices at the moment is Putin because it helps him with a fresh supply of funds for his brutal war in Ukraine”.

Russia and Iran have cooperated on military issues since Putin launched the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, with Iran supplying and then passing on the design for Shahed 136 deltawing drones. US sources say that in return Moscow has passed Tehran military intelligence in the past fortnight, though the Kremlin denies doing so.

Healey said he had discussed what was in effect the closure of the strait of Hormuz with the E5 group of European defence ministers on Wednesday, and that there were “clearer and clearer” reports that Iran was trying to mine the strategic waterway through which around a fifth of the world’s oil supply passes.

The UK had some “autonomous systems” available in the Middle East that could be used to search for Iranian mines, though a mine-hunting vessel previously in the region, HMS Middleton, had returned to the UK for maintenance.

The effective closure of the strait, partly by drone attacks on oil tankers and cargo vessels, has pushed the oil price to about $100 a barrel. The quickest way of ending the blockade would be through “a de-escalation of the conflict”, Healey said.

He did not rule out the UK eventually participating in a possible convoy of merchant shipping through the waterway, but a formal proposal is not thought to be close while the US vacillates over the issue.

Britain has no available warships in or near the region other than HMS Dragon, which set sail on Tuesday for Cyprus, where it will protect UK airbases, on a voyage expected to last up to a week.