US self-driving startup Nuro, which is backed by the likes of NVIDIA, Toyota and Uber, has started testing its autonomous vehicles on Tokyo’s challenging streets, Bloomberg reported. The company, which plans to launch a robotaxi service with Uber and Lucid in San Francisco this year, will be testing a “handful” of vehicles in the city. Human safety drivers will be at the wheel, as is required by Japanese law.

Tokyo presents a challenge for autonomous vehicles, given its narrow, crowded streets and left side of the road driving. “Testing the capability of the autonomy system in such an interesting market with some international complexity really is a good pressure test of what the system is capable of,” said CEO Andrew Chapin. The company’s ultimate goal is to achieve Level 4 autonomy, which allows full self-driving under limited conditions.

Waymo is the other major robotaxi operator testing vehicles in Tokyo in collaboration with Japanese taxi operators Nihon Kotsu and the country’s leading taxi app, Go. It has been operating in the nation since April 2025 in collaboration with Toyota.

Nuro has yet to announce which operators or vehicle manufacturers it will be partnering with, but Chapin said it may not limit itself to autonomous rides. “A universal autonomy platform that can be extended to a lot of different applications and form factors is a bit different than the approach Waymo is taking,” he told Bloomberg. The company previously teamed with 7-Eleven on autonomous deliveries in Mountain View, California.

Uber plans to have up to 100,000 autonomous vehicles including 20,000 robotaxis powered by Lucid and Nuro, with a rollout starting in 2027. It introduced its new vehicle design recently at CES 2026. Uber is also collaborating with Nissan and Wayve with the aim to introduce pilot cars in Tokyo by late 2026.