Writing in left-wing magazine Dissent in 1978, the prominent socialist economist Robert Heilbroner acknowledged that “dissident political and social beliefs in bourgeois society may be considered as erroneous, foolish, shocking, deplorable, or dangerous, but they are not thought of as blasphemous.” He contrasted this with socialism which holds a specific moral vision of society, the validity of which is undermined by opposition. As a result, he added, “dissents and disagreements thereby smack of heresy.”