New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani on Tuesday unveiled proposals to build 200,000 new affordable housing units and preserve an additional 200,000 more over the next decade as part of a comprehensive housing plan that amounts to a substantial marker in the national debate on these issues.

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The plan, dubbed “Block by Block, a Housing Policy for a New Era,” includes $22 billion in new investments to build affordable housing, $5.6 billion in funding to enhance the New York City Housing Authority and a new $40 per-hour minimum wage for construction workers on city-financed projects. The proposal also outlines new aggressive code enforcement measures, investment in a city-backed home insurance provider and loosened regulations around pre-fabricated homes.

Mamdani’s mayoral campaign centered on affordability, influencing how Democrats across the country discussed the cost of living and broader economic concerns. While his pledge to freeze the rent on rent-stabilized units was the housing policy that generated the most discussion, the success or failure of the new, wide-ranging plan could play a larger role in whether his term is viewed as a success — and maybe in the broader direction of his party, too.

In an interview with NBC News, Mamdani declined to comment on whether achieving these proposals will define his term. He said housing is “the number one driver of the affordability crisis, adding that his plan “is going to deliver the kinds of investments that for too long New Yorkers have been denied.”

“Too often in conversations around housing there is a sense of a choice that has to be made, a choice between fighting to build more housing or fighting to organize to preserve the housing that we have,” Mamdani said. “And that doesn’t have to be the case any longer.”

“What we actually see the choice is being a government that debates or a government that delivers,” Mamdani added, saying his goal is to “reckon with the multifaceted nature of the housing crisis and deliver on all of it at once.”

New housing production in the city ramped up in the years before Mamdani’s inauguration. More than 150,000 new units came online in the city between 2021 and 2025, the most for a five-year period since the 1960s, according to city data contained in Mamdani’s proposal. In a speech Tuesday morning, Mamdani framed his effort as an opening salvo in counteracting more than 40 years of policy that hampered housing growth and investment in maintaining existing homes

“If the absence of good government created the conditions we now face, the presence of good government can build the solutions we now need,” he said, adding that in preparing the proposal “one thing became increasingly clear: There was no way to drive down housing costs without also building more housing.”

The plan comes amid broader ideological debates within the Democratic Party over how to best approach housing, including weighing the need for well-paid union labor against the goal of maximizing construction. Mamdani said he did not feel it was necessary to compromise on this.

“You can build more affordable housing than any mayor has done over the course of a 10-year period, you can preserve 200,000 affordable homes, and you can do all of this while paying people the wage that they can actually afford to live on in this city, and for us it is critical that we are able to do this, because without it we start to lose what makes the city so special,” he said.

In February, Mamdani visited the White House to pitch President Donald Trump directly on providing $21 billion in federal grant funding for a housing project in Queens, Sunnyside Yard, where 12,000 new affordable homes could be built. Mamdani’s pitch included presenting Trump with a re-created copy of the famous 1975 issue of the New York Daily News with President Gerald Ford and the headline “Ford to City: Drop Dead.” This cover featured the headline “Trump to City: Let’s Build.”

Mamdani spotlighted the Sunnyside Yard development in his proposal and said he is still working to secure the federal funding. He declined to say whether he has discussed any additional elements of his plan with the president nor whether he plans to soon speak with Trump about any of his proposals.

“I shared my interest with the president directly, and the president shared his interest, and obviously … it will be a conversation that will go over many months, given the nature of the scale of commitment that we’re talking about,” Mamdani said.

One element of his proposal that Mamdani said deserves attention is expanded funding for code enforcement. Mamdani and his team have held hearings in the months leading up to the release of his plan holding hearings with tenants to discuss longstanding issues they’ve had with maintenance and repairs, among other issues.

“For many New Yorkers, their inability to see the city follow through on the kinds of complaints they make, it diminishes their trust in the city’s ability to do anything at scale,” he said, pledging that “starting October 1, the city is going to investigate every single heat complaint across the five boroughs.”

Mamdani spoke with NBC News ahead of next month’s primaries in his state, which feature a handful of competitive House primaries in the city. Mamdani has backed state Assemblywoman Claire Valdez in a contested primary to fill retiring Rep. Nydia Velazquez’s seat in New York’s 7th District and former New York City Comptroller Brad Lander in his effort to unseat Rep. Dan Goldman in New York’s 10th District.

He has not made an endorsement in New York’s 12th District, where the mayor now resides, as a broad and divided field of Democrats compete for the seat.

“However voters want to make their decision, I think that the compass for that decision should be the policies that are on offer,” Mamdani said of the 12th District primary.

That race has seen heavy spending from major players in the AI industry, both for and against state Assemblyman Alex Bores’ campaign.

Mamdani declined to weigh in on the candidates in the race, but he said artificial intelligence “is something that should be at the forefront of many conversations that we have, whether it be in these primaries or, frankly, even just in our politics.”

He referenced Pope Leo’s recent statements about AI. “The reason that so many are sharing their reflections on this is because of the stakes at hand,” he said. “We are talking about something that could have an impact on millions of Americans’ lives.

“In the race, specifically, I think that any attempt to distort a primary through millions of dollars of special interest spending is something that should be opposed, no matter which special interest that we’re speaking about,” Mamdani added.

In the 7th District, where the primary is shaping up as a test of how the progressive left defines itself in 2026, Mamdani said he views the race “as an opportunity to showcase that the struggles of New York seven are in many ways the struggles that Americans are facing across the country.”

“When we speak about this district, we see it has a disproportionate number of artists, we see it has so many young people who have moved to the city in the hopes of being able to build a life here, and yet for many of them a real sense as if that era of possibility is over,” he said. “And in Claire Valdez is a candidate who understands those struggles, because she herself has gone through those struggles as someone who moved to the city to be an artist who worked low-wage jobs, who found that it was impossible for her to continue to pursue that, given the cost of living in this city.”