In 2015, when BDS activism was already aggressive, the Toronto-based Jewish Defence League of Canada (JDL) — defunct since 2021 — wanted to open a Montreal branch. JDL Canada never carried any weapons. They did not mask. They wore self-identifying vests. They never initiated any physical confrontation. They helped organize counter-protests, stood tall, calm and unflinching beside timid Jews with Israeli flags, and monitored the behaviour of scofflaws, reporting them to police, who appreciated the help. They also penetrated radical cells, relaying information to security agencies that aided in their terrorism investigations. They did good work. But they were too… FAFO (if you don’t know what it means, look it up), shall we say, for liberal Jews’ taste.