Several European countries follow a Housing First policy. This considers permanent housing as the foundation for solving homelessness. It shifts the focus from emergency shelters to stable homes that are supported by health and social services. Unhoused people are offered comfort and security. Above all, those in need are helped with addiction and psychological or other health issues.

Homelessness often follows the loss of established social ties with family and friends. This may lead to substance abuse, loss of direction and profound isolation. Street-based social groups can provide practical and emotional support to the homeless. This is overlooked by some outside observers, but is a factor that sustains this way of life. Lack of trust of people outside the groups is a barrier to change.

Finland and Norway stand out for major long-term reductions in homelessness using Housing First models. Other European nations have had a fair degree of success, while efforts in some regions have been less productive. The fact is that half-measures don’t work. Nations need to be fully committed to ending homelessness.

The 21st century has seen an explosion in the number and wealth of billionaires, driven largely by financial market surges, deregulation, and favourable tax policies. 

It is no coincidence that historic levels of global wealth inequality have gone hand in hand with conspicuous levels of poverty and homelessness.